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oracle取出每组中的第一条记录

之前整理过一篇文章《从oracle去重复记录实例中学习使用group by, having 》,可以和今天这篇放在一起去理解oracle查询时的的分组和排序。

oracle查询:取出每组中的第一条记录
按type字段分组,code排序,取出每组中的第一条记录

 

方法一:

 

select type,min(code) from group_info
group by type;

 

注意:select 后面的列要在group by 子句中,或是用聚合函数包含,否则会有语法错误。这里还有一点要注意的是:select 后面列的选择,一定要选适合分组的列,不然会达不到分组的效果。

 

方法二:

 

SELECT * FROM(
SELECT z.type , z.code ,ROW_NUMBER()
OVER(PARTITION BY z.type ORDER BY z.code) AS code_id
FROM group_info z
)
WHERE code_id =1;

 

这里涉及到的over()是oracle的分析函数

 

参考sql reference文档:

 

Analytic functions compute an aggregate value based on a group of rows. They differ from aggregate functions in that they return multiple rows for each group.

 

Analytic functions are the last set of operations performed in a query except for the final ORDER BY clause. All joins and all WHERE , GROUP BY , and HAVING clauses are completed before the analytic functions are processed. Therefore, analytic functions can appear only in the select list or ORDER BY clause.

 

语法结构:

 

analytic_function ([ arguments ]) OVER (analytic_clause)

其中analytic_clause结构包括:

 

[ query_partition_clause ][ order_by_clause [ windowing_clause ] ]

 

也就是:函数名( [ 参数 ] ) over( [ 分区子句 ] [ 排序子句 [ 滑动窗口子句 ] ])

 

这里PARTITION BY 引导的分区子句类似于聚组函数中的group by,排序子句可看成是select语句中的order by.